Helping parents navigate disclosure at work

Phone Number

+1(831) 582-5349

Location

100 Campus Center, Bldg 82 B, Room 103, Seaside, CA

Evidence Base: Supporting Workplace Disclosure Decisions

myChoice Workplace Disclosure is based on over two decades of research on the work, family and community experiences of parents and caregivers of children with mental health needs and other kinds of disabilities. A brief overview of the evidence base is presented below.

I. Foundation: Understanding the Work-Life Interface

A. Initial Global Context Studies (2013-2014)

Study: Family Care Responsibilities in a Global Context 

  Primary Investigation Focus: Examination of various family care responsibilities and their impact on work-family conflict

  Key Findings:

  – Identified unique challenges for caregivers of children with exceptional care needs

  – Established baseline differences between typical and exceptional care responsibilities

  – Demonstrated need for specialized workplace support strategies

B. Work-Family Interface Investigation (2014-2015)

  Study: Family Caregiving Responsibilities and Work-Family Interface 

  Research Focus: Specific examination of caregiving responsibilities’ impact on workplace experiences

  Key Findings:

  – Documented specific workplace challenges faced by caregivers

  – Identified gaps in existing support systems

  – Established foundation for future intervention development

A. Communication Boundary Management (2021)

Study: Disclosure and Communication Boundaries in the Workplace 

Research Focus:

* Comparative analysis of disclosure strategies

* Assessment of communication boundary management

* Evaluation of support access outcomes

Key Findings:

  1. Confirmed distinct disclosure strategy patterns identified in earlier work
  2. Documented factors influencing disclosure decisions
  3. Established correlation between disclosure and support access
  4. Revealed unique challenges for parents of children with mental health needs compared to other types of family caregiving (older adults, younger adults with other types of disabilities)

 

B. Workplace Supports and Health Outcomes (2022)

Study: Impact of Workplace Supports on Caregiver Well-being 

Research Focus:

* Analysis of support availability

* Assessment of health outcomes

* Evaluation of organizational factors

Key Findings:

  1. Demonstrated relationship between support access and well-being
  2. Identified organizational factors affecting support utilization

 

A. CDC/National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health K01 Award (2022-Present)

Project: Developing a Workplace Disclosure Decision Aid 

Research Focus:

  1. Conduct a needs assessment to validate key factors in decision conflict
  2. Create evidence-based decision support tool and resources
  3. Pilot test tool and resources with parents and organizational leaders

A. Integration Studies (2020)

Research: Community Supports and Workforce Engagement 

* Examination of community resource utilization

* Impact assessment on workforce participation

* Support system integration analysis

B. Policy and Practice Studies (2013-2021)

Workplace Flexibility and Support Systems Studies

* Policy effectiveness evaluation

* Support system accessibility assessment

* Implementation barrier identification

Our collective research evidence suggests:

  1. Clear need for structured disclosure decision support for parents and caregivers of children with mental health care needs
  2. Significance of multiple contextual factors on health and wellbeing of this group of workers
  3. Significant impact of disclosure on support access
  4. Critical role of organizational culture and supervisor support in this process

A. Research Gaps

* Longitudinal outcome studies

* Cross-organizational comparisons

* Cultural adaptation considerations

B. Development Priorities

* Tool refinement based on user feedback

* Implementation guidance enhancement

* Outcome measurement optimization

References

Stewart, L.M., Sellmaier, C., Henderson-Posther, M., Lukefar, J. & Brennan, E.M. (in press). Navigating stigma and discrimination at work while parenting a child with a disability. In P. Claster & S. Blair (Eds.) Disability and the Family: Challenges, coping, Resources, and Resilience. Contemporary Perspectives in Family Research. Leeds, UK: Emerald Insight.

Rosenzweig, J. M., Barnett R. C., Huffstutter, K. J., & Stewart, L.M.  (2008). Work-life integration: History, theory, and strategy.  In  J. Rosenzweig & E. Brennan (Eds.), Work, life, and the mental health system of care: A guide for professionals supporting families of children with emotional or behavioral disorders. (pp. 89 -115).  Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes.

Sellmaier, C., Stewart, L.M., Brennan, E.M., Rosenzweig, J.M., Malsch, A.M. (2020) Parents of children and youth with disabilities: Providing exceptional care and meeting work-life challenges. In S.A. Ammons (Ed.). (2021) Work Family Encyclopedia. Work-Family Researchers Network.

Stewart, L. M., Sellmaier, C., Shrestha, L., & Brennan, E. M. (2024). Factors Influencing Employment Decisions Among Immigrants Caring for a Child With Special Health Care Needs. Journal of Family Issues, 45(2), 394-418.

Brennan, E.M., Jivanjee P., Rosenzweig, J.M., & Stewart, L.M. (2016). Challenges and Supports for Employed Parents of Children and Youth with Special Needs. In T. Allen & L. Eby Oxford Handbook of Work and Family (pp. 165-181). New York: Oxford University Press.

Stewart, L.M., Sellmaier, C., Shrethsa, L., Brennan, E.M. (2023) Parenting a child with special health care needs and the impact of family and community support on parental employment among immigrants in the U.S. Journal of Family Issues.

Rosenzweig, J. M., Malsch, A. M., Brennan, E. M., Sellmaier, C., Mills, K. L. & Stewart, L. M. (2015). Balancing work & family responsibilities: A guidebook for parent support providers. Portland, OR: Research and Training Center for Pathways to Positive Futures, Portland State University, and National Technical Assistance Center for Children’s Behavioral Health, University of Maryland.

Stewart, L. M., Rosenzweig, J. M., Malsch Tamarkin, A. M., Brennan, E. M., & Lukefahr, J. (2022). Expanding Workplace Inclusion of Employees Who Are Parents of Children with Disabilities through Diversity Training. Healthcare10(12), 2361. MDPI AG. Retrieved from

Rosenzweig, J. M., Stewart, L. M., Brennan, E. M., & Sellmaier, C. (2015). Balancing work & family responsibilities: A training for parent support providers, training script. Portland, OR: Research and Training Center for Pathways to Positive Futures, Portland State University, and National Technical Assistance Center for Children’s Behavioral Health, University of Maryland.

Stewart, L.M., Sellmaier, C., Brannan, A.M. et al. (2022). Employed Parents of Children with Typical and Exceptional Care Responsibilities: Family Demands and Workplace Supports. J Child Fam Stud.

Rosenzweig, J. M., Stewart, L. M., Brennan, E. M., & Sellmaier, C. (2015) Balancing work and family responsibilities: Parent support provider training [slides]. Portland, OR: Research and Training Center for Pathways to Positive Futures, Portland State University, and National Technical Assistance Center for Children’s Behavioral Health, University of Maryland.

Stewart, L.M., Sellmaier, C., Brannan, A.M., & Brennan, E.M. (2022). Supporting Sleep and Health of Employed Parents with Typical and Exceptional Care Demands. Journal of Social Service Research.

Brennan, E.M., Rosenzweig, J.M., Malsch, A.M., Stewart, L.M., Kjellstrand, J., & Coleman, D.  (2013).  Supports for Working Parents of Children with Disabilities: A Cross-national Comparison of Inclusive Policies.  In V. Dujon, J. Dillard, and E. Brennan (Eds.) Social Sustainability: A Multilevel Approach to Social Inclusion. (pp. 183 – 207). New York, NY: Routlege.

Stewart, L.M. & Charles, A. (2021). Disclose or conceal: How employees caring for dependent older adults and those caring for children with disabilities manage the communication boundaries at work. Journal of Family Issues.

Rosenzweig, J. M., Malsch, A. M., Brennan, E. M., Mills, K. L. & Stewart, L. M. (2010). Children/youth with disabilities: Their parents are your employees training manual and workbook. Portland, OR: Research and Training Center on Family Support and Children’s Mental Health, Portland State University.

Sellmaier, C., Stewart, L.M., Brennan, E.M. (2020). Workforce engagement of children and youth with mental health disabilities: The impact of community services and supports. Community, Work and Family, 23(5), 534-555.

Stewart, L.M.  (2013).  Exploring the impact of type of family care on work-family and family-work conflict.  Journal of Family Issues. 34 (1).

Stewart, L.M., Stutz, H., & Lile, W. (2018).  Dependent care: A theoretical explanation of correlates and health consequences. Special Issue Community, Work and Family, 21 (5).

Rosenzweig, J. M., Huffstutter, K., Malsch, A., Stewart, L. M. & Brennan, E. M.  (2011).  Voices at the table: Views of parents and human resource professionals on managing the work-family boundary. Special Issue on Family Voices/ Perspectives for Best Practices in Mental Health: An International Journal, 7(1) 67-93.